1. Iso 2768 Mk E
2. Iso 2768 Mk E Tolerance

ISO 1000 – ISO 4999. ISO 3002-1:1982 Part 1: Geometry of the active part of cutting tools – General terms, reference systems, tool and working angles, chip breakers ISO 3002-2:1982 Part 2: Geometry of the active part of cutting tools – General conversion formulae to relate tool and working angles. The whole idea behind ISO 2768 is to simplify the drawing by using a table in a spec instead of placing tolerances all over your drawing. What happens when you change a linear dim from, let's say 6mm to 6.05mm. According to the table 1 in 2768-1, this dim tolerance would go from ±0,1 to ±0,2. ISO 2768-1 General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions. Extract from the standard Metal Steel Technology Summary ISO 2768-1 General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions.

This is a list of published^{[note 1]}International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and other deliverables.^{[note 2]} For a complete and up-to-date list of all the ISO standards, see the ISO catalogue.^[1]

The standards are protected by copyright and most of them must be purchased. However, about 300 of the standards produced by ISO and IEC's Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC1) have been made freely and publicly available.^[2]

ISO 1 – ISO 19999[edit]

ISO 20000 – ISO 29999[edit]

ISO 30000 – ISO 39999[edit]

• ISO 30000:2009 Ships and marine technology – Ship recycling management systems – Specifications for management systems for safe and environmentally sound ship recycling facilities
• ISO 30002:2012 Ships and marine technology – Ship recycling management systems – Guidelines for selection of ship recyclers (and pro forma contract)
• ISO 30003:2009 Ships and marine technology – Ship recycling management systems – Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of ship recycling management
• ISO 30004:2012 Ships and marine technology – Ship recycling management systems – Guidelines for the implementation of ISO 30000
• ISO 30005:2012 Ships and marine technology – Ship recycling management systems – Information control for hazardous materials in the manufacturing chain of shipbuilding and ship operations
• ISO 30006:2010 Ship recycling management systems – Diagrams to show the location of hazardous materials onboard ships
• ISO 30007:2010 Ships and marine technology – Measures to prevent asbestos emission and exposure during ship recycling
• ISO 30042:2008 Systems to manage terminology, knowledge and content – TermBase eXchange (TBX)
• ISO/IEC 30100 Information technology – Home network resource management
  • ISO/IEC 30100-1:2016 Part 1: Requirements
  • ISO/IEC 30100-2:2016 Part 2: Architecture
  • ISO/IEC 30100-3:2016 Part 3: Management application
• ISO/IEC 30101:2014 Information technology – Sensor networks: Sensor network and its interfaces for smart grid system
• ISO/IEC TR 30102:2012 Information technology – Distributed Application Platforms and Services (DAPS) – General technical principles of Service Oriented Architecture
• ISO/IEC TS 30103:2015 Software and Systems Engineering – Lifecycle Processes – Framework for Product Quality Achievement
• ISO/IEC TS 30104:2015 Information Technology – Security Techniques – Physical Security Attacks, Mitigation Techniques and Security Requirements
• ISO/IEC 30105 Information technology – IT Enabled Services-Business Process Outsourcing (ITES-BPO) lifecycle processes
  • ISO/IEC 30105-1:2016 Part 1: Process reference model (PRM)
  • ISO/IEC 30105-2:2016 Part 2: Process assessment model (PAM)
  • ISO/IEC 30105-3:2016 Part 3: Measurement framework (MF) and organization maturity model (OMM)
  • ISO/IEC 30105-4:2016 Part 4: Terms and concepts
  • ISO/IEC 30105-5:2016 Part 5: Guidelines
• ISO/IEC 30106 Information technology – Object oriented BioAPI
  • ISO/IEC 30106-1:2016 Part 1: Architecture
  • ISO/IEC 30106-2:2016 Part 2: Java implementation
  • ISO/IEC 30106-3:2016 Part 3: C# implementation
• ISO/IEC 30107 Information technology – Biometric presentation attack detection
  • ISO/IEC 30107-1:2016 Part 1: Framework
  • ISO/IEC 30107-3:2017 Part 3: Testing and reporting
• ISO/IEC 30108 Information technology – Biometric Identity Assurance Services
  • ISO/IEC 30108-1:2015 Part 1: BIAS services
• ISO/IEC TR 30109:2015 Information technology – User interfaces – Worldwide availability of personalized computer environments
• ISO/IEC TR 30110:2015 Information technology – Cross jurisdictional and societal aspects of implementation of biometric technologies – Biometrics and children
• ISO/IEC 30111:2013 Information technology – Security techniques – Vulnerability handling processes
• ISO/IEC TR 30112:2014 Information technology – Specification methods for cultural conventions
• ISO/IEC 30113 Information technology – Gesture-based interfaces across devices and methods^{[note 3]}
  • ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015 Part 1: Framework
  • ISO/IEC 30113-11:2017 Part 11: Single-point gestures for common system
• ISO/IEC TR 30114 Information technology – Extensions of Office Open XML file formats
  • ISO/IEC TR 30114-1:2016 Part 1: Guidelines
  • ISO/IEC 30114-2:2018 Part 2: Character repertoire checking
• ISO/IEC 30116:2016 Information technology – Automatic identification and data capture techniques – Optical Character Recognition (OCR) quality testing
• ISO/IEC TR 30117:2014 Information technology – Guide to on-card biometric comparison standards and applications
• ISO/IEC 30121:2015 Information technology – Governance of digital forensic risk framework
• ISO/IEC 30122 Information technology – User interfaces – Voice commands
  • ISO/IEC 30122-1:2016 Part 1: Framework and general guidance
  • ISO/IEC 30122-2:2017 Part 2: Constructing and testing
  • ISO/IEC 30122-3:2017 Part 3: Translation and localization
  • ISO/IEC 30122-4:2016 Part 4: Management of voice command registration
• ISO/IEC TR 30125:2016 Information technology – Biometrics used with mobile devices
• ISO/IEC 30128:2014 Information technology – Sensor networks – Generic Sensor Network Application Interface
• ISO/IEC 30129:2015 Information technology – Telecommunications bonding networks for buildings and other structures
• ISO/IEC 30130:2016 Software engineering – Capabilities of software testing tools
• ISO/IEC TR 30132 Information technology – Information technology sustainability – Energy efficient computing models
  • ISO/IEC TR 30132-1:2016 Part 1: Guidelines for energy effectiveness evaluation
• ISO/IEC 30134 Information technology – Data centres – Key performance indicators
  • ISO/IEC 30134-1:2016 Part 1: Overview and general requirements
  • ISO/IEC 30134-2:2016 Part 2: Power usage effectiveness (PUE)
  • ISO/IEC 30134-3:2016 Part 3: Renewable energy factor (REF)
• ISO/IEC TS 30135 Information technology – Digital publishing – EPUB3
  • ISO/IEC TS 30135-1:2014 Part 1: EPUB3 Overview
  • ISO/IEC TS 30135-2:2014 Part 2: Publications
  • ISO/IEC TS 30135-3:2014 Part 3: Content Documents
  • ISO/IEC TS 30135-4:2014 Part 4: Open Container Format
  • ISO/IEC TS 30135-5:2014 Part 5: Media Overlay
  • ISO/IEC TS 30135-6:2014 Part 6: EPUB Canonical Fragment Identifier
  • ISO/IEC TS 30135-7:2014 Part 7: EPUB3 Fixed-Layout Documents
• ISO/IEC 30170:2012 Information technology – Programming languages – Ruby
• ISO/IEC 30182:2017 Smart city concept model – Guidance for establishing a model for data interoperability
• ISO/IEC 30190:2016 Information technology – Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage – 120 mm Single Layer (25,0 Gbytes per disk) and Dual Layer (50,0 Gbytes per disk) BD Recordable disk
• ISO/IEC 30191:2015 Information technology – Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage – 120 mm Triple Layer (100,0 Gbytes single sided disk and 200,0 Gbytes double sided disk) and Quadruple Layer (128,0 Gbytes single sided disk) BD Recordable disk
• ISO/IEC 30192:2016 Information technology – Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage – 120 mm Single Layer (25,0 Gbytes per disk) and Dual Layer (50,0 Gbytes per disk) BD Rewritable disk
• ISO/IEC 30193:2016 Information technology – Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage – 120 mm Triple Layer (100,0 Gbytes per disk) BD Rewritable disk
• ISO 30300:2011 Information and documentation – Management systems for records – Fundamentals and vocabulary
• ISO 30301:2011 Information and documentation – Management systems for records – Requirements
• ISO 30302:2015 Information and documentation – Management systems for records – Guidelines for implementation
• ISO 30400:2016 Human resource management – Vocabulary
• ISO 30401:2018 Knowledge management system - Requirements
• ISO 30405:2016 Human resource management – Guidelines on recruitment
• ISO/TR 30406:2017 Human resource management – Sustainable employability management for organizations
• ISO/TS 30407:2017 Human resource management – Cost-Per-Hire
• ISO 30408:2016 Human resource management – Guidelines on human governance
• ISO 30409:2016 Human resource management – Workforce planning
• ISO 30414:2018 Human resource management – Guidelines for internal and external human capital reporting
• ISO 31000:2009 Risk management – Principles and guidelines
• ISO/TR 31004:2013 Risk management – Guidance for the implementation of ISO 31000
• ISO/IEC 31010:2009 Risk management – Risk assessment techniques
• ISO/IEC/IEEE 31320 Information technology – Modeling Languages
  • ISO/IEC/IEEE 31320-1:2012 Part 1: Syntax and Semantics for IDEF0
  • ISO/IEC/IEEE 31320-2:2012 Part 2: Syntax and Semantics for IDEF1X97 (IDEFobject)
• ISO 32000 Document management – Portable document format
• ISO/IEC 33001:2015 Information technology – Process assessment – Concepts and terminology
• ISO/IEC 33002:2015 Information technology – Process assessment – Requirements for performing process assessment
• ISO/IEC 33003:2015 Information technology – Process assessment – Requirements for process measurement frameworks
• ISO/IEC 33004:2015 Information technology – Process assessment – Requirements for process reference, process assessment and maturity models
• ISO/IEC TR 33014:2013 Information technology – Process assessment – Guide for process improvement
• ISO/IEC 33020:2015 Information technology – Process assessment – Process measurement framework for assessment of process capability
• ISO/IEC TS 33030:2017 Information technology – Process assessment – An exemplar documented assessment process
• ISO/IEC TS 33052:2016 Information technology – Process reference model (PRM) for information security management
• ISO/IEC 33063:2015 Information technology – Process assessment – Process assessment model for software testing
• ISO/IEC 33071:2016 Information technology – Process assessment – An integrated process capability assessment model for Enterprise processes
• ISO/IEC TS 33072:2016 Information technology – Process assessment – Process capability assessment model for information security management
• ISO 37001:2016 Anti-bribery management systems
• ISO 37120 Sustainable development of communities – Indicators for city services and quality of life
• ISO/TR 37137:2014 Cardiovascular biological evaluation of medical devices – Guidance for absorbable implants
• ISO 37500:2014 Guidance on outsourcing
• ISO/IEC 38500:2015 Information technology – Governance of IT for the organization
• ISO/IEC TS 38501:2015 Information technology – Governance of IT – Implementation guide
• ISO/IEC TR 38502:2014 Information technology – Governance of IT – Framework and model
• ISO/IEC TR 38504:2016 Governance of information technology – Guidance for principles-based standards in the governance of information technology
• ISO/IEC 38505 Information technology – Governance of IT – Governance of data
  • ISO/IEC 38505-1:2017 Part 1: Application of ISO/IEC 38500 to the governance of data
• ISO 39001:2012 Road traffic safety (RTS) management systems – Requirements with guidance for use

ISO 40000 – ISO 49999[edit]

• ISO/IEC 40180:2017 Information technology – Quality for learning, education and training – Fundamentals and reference framework
• ISO/IEC 40210:2011 Information technology – W3CSOAP Version 1.2 Part 1: Messaging Framework (Second Edition)
• ISO/IEC 40220:2011 Information technology – W3C SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2: Adjuncts (Second Edition)
• ISO/IEC 40230:2011 Information technology – W3C SOAP Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism
• ISO/IEC 40240:2011 Information technology – W3C Web Services Addressing 1.0 – Core
• ISO/IEC 40250:2011 Information technology – W3C Web Services Addressing 1.0 – SOAP Binding
• ISO/IEC 40260:2011 Information technology – W3C Web Services Addressing 1.0 – Metadata
• ISO/IEC 40270:2011 Information technology – W3C Web Services Policy 1.5 – Framework
• ISO/IEC 40280:2011 Information technology – W3C Web Services Policy 1.5 – Attachment
• ISO/IEC 40314:2016 Information technology – Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition
• ISO/IEC 40500:2012 Information technology – W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0
• ISO 41011:2017 Facility management – Vocabulary
• ISO 41012:2017 Facility management – Guidance on strategic sourcing and the development of agreements
• ISO/TR 41013:2017 Facility management – Scope, key concepts and benefits
• ISO/IEC 42010:2011 Systems and software engineering – Architecture description
• ISO 44001:2017 Collaborative business relationship management systems — Requirements and framework
• ISO 45001 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with guidance for use
• ISO 46001:2019 Water efficiency management systems - -Requirements with guidance for use

ISO 50000 – ISO 59999[edit]

• ISO 50001:2018 Energy management systems – Requirements with guidance for use
• ISO 50002:2014 Energy audits – Requirements with guidance for use
• ISO 50003:2014 Energy management systems – Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of energy management systems
• ISO 50004:2014 Energy management systems – Guidance for the implementation, maintenance and improvement of an energy management system
• ISO 50006:2014 Energy management systems – Measuring energy performance using energy baselines (EnB) and energy performance indicators (EnPI) – General principles and guidance
• ISO 50015:2014 Energy management systems – Measurement and verification of energy performance of organizations—General principles and guidance
• ISO 50047:2016 Energy savings – Determination of energy savings in organizations
• ISO/ASTM 51026:2015 Practice for using the Fricke dosimetry system
• ISO/ASTM 51205:2017 Practice for use of a ceric-cerous sulfate dosimetry system
• ISO/ASTM 51261:2013 Practice for calibration of routine dosimetry systems for radiation processing
• ISO/ASTM 51275:2013 Practice for use of a radiochromic film dosimetry system
• ISO/ASTM 51276:2012 Practice for use of a polymethylmethacrylate dosimetry system
• ISO/ASTM 51310:2004 Practice for use of a radiochromic optical waveguide dosimetry system
• ISO/ASTM 51401:2013 Practice for use of a dichromate dosimetry system
• ISO/ASTM 51431:2005 Practice for dosimetry in electron beam and X-ray (bremsstrahlung) irradiation facilities for food processing
• ISO/ASTM 51538:2009 Practice for use of the ethanol-chlorobenzene dosimetry system
• ISO/ASTM 51539:2013 Guide for use of radiation-sensitive indicators
• ISO/ASTM 51540:2004 Practice for use of a radiochromic liquid dosimetry system
• ISO/ASTM 51607:2013 Practice for use of the alanine-EPR dosimetry system
• ISO/ASTM 51608:2015 Practice for dosimetry in an X-ray (bremsstrahlung) facility for radiation processing at energies between 50 keV and 7.5 MeV
• ISO/ASTM 51631:2013 Practice for use of calorimetric dosimetry systems for electron beam dose measurements and dosimetery system calibrations
• ISO/ASTM 51649:2015 Practice for dosimetry in an electron beam facility for radiation processing at energies between 300 keV and 25 MeV
• ISO/ASTM 51650:2013 Practice for use of a cellulose triacetate dosimetry system
• ISO/ASTM 51702:2013 Practice for dosimetry in a gamma facility for radiation processing
• ISO/ASTM 51707:2015 Guide for estimation of measurement uncertainty in dosimetry for radiation processing
• ISO/ASTM 51818:2013 Practice for dosimetry in an electron beam facility for radiation processing at energies between 80 and 300 keV
• ISO/ASTM 51900:2009 Guide for dosimetry in radiation research on food and agricultural products
• ISO/ASTM 51939:2017 Practice for blood irradiation dosimetry
• ISO/ASTM 51940:2013 Guide for dosimetry for sterile insects release programs
• ISO/ASTM 51956:2013 Practice for use of a thermoluminescence-dosimetry system (TLD system) for radiation processing
• ISO/ASTM 52116:2013 Practice for dosimetry for a self-contained dry-storage gamma irradiator
• ISO/ASTM 52303:2015 Guide for absorbed-dose mapping in radiation processing facilities
• ISO/ASTM 52628:2013 Standard practice for dosimetry in radiation processing
• ISO/ASTM 52701:2013 Guide for performance characterization of dosimeters and dosimetry systems for use in radiation processing
• ISO/ASTM 52900:2015 Additive manufacturing – General principles – Terminology
• ISO/ASTM 52915:2016 Specification for additive manufacturing file format (AMF) Version 1.2
• ISO 55000:2014 Asset management – Overview, principles and terminology
• ISO 55001:2014 Asset management – Management systems – Requirements
• ISO 55002:2014 Asset management – Management systems – Guidelines for the application of ISO 55001
• ISO 56003:2019 Innovation management -- Tools and methods for innovation partnership -- Guidance

ISO 60000 – ISO 69999[edit]

• ISO/IEC/IEEE 60559:2011 Information technology – Microprocessor Systems – Floating-Point arithmetic

ISO 80000 – ISO 89999[edit]

• ISO/IEC 80000 Quantities and units
• ISO/IEC 80001 Application of risk management for IT-networks incorporating medical devices
  • IEC 80001-1:2010 Part 1: Roles, responsibilities and activities
  • IEC/TR 80001-2-1:2012 Part 2-1: Step by Step Risk Management of Medical IT-Networks; Practical Applications and Examples
  • IEC/TR 80001-2-2:2012 Part 2-2: Guidance for the communication of medical device security needs, risks and controls
  • IEC/TR 80001-2-3:2012 Part 2-3: Guidance for wireless networks
  • IEC/TR 80001-2-4:2012 Part 2-4: General implementation guidance for Healthcare Delivery Organizations
  • IEC/TR 80001-2-5:2014 Part 2-5: Application guidance – Guidance for distributed alarm systems
  • ISO/TR 80001-2-6:2014 Part 2-6: Application guidance – Guidance for responsibility agreements
  • ISO/TR 80001-2-7:2015 Part 2-7: Guidance for healthcare delivery organizations (HDOs) on how to self-assess their conformance with IEC 80001-1
  • IEC/TR 80001-2-8:2016 Part 2-8: Application guidance – Guidance on standards for establishing the security capabilities identified in IEC 80001-2-2
  • IEC/TR 80001-2-9:2017 Part 2-9: Application guidance – Guidance for use of security assurance cases to demonstrate confidence in IEC/TR 80001-2-2 security capabilities
• IEC/TR 80002 Medical device software
  • IEC/TR 80002-1:2009 Part 1: Guidance on the application of ISO 14971 to medical device software
  • ISO/TR 80002-2:2017 Part 2: Validation of software for medical device quality systems
  • IEC/TR 80002-3:2014 Part 3: Process reference model of medical device software life cycle processes (IEC 62304)
• ISO/TS 80004Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary
• ISO/IEC/IEEE 80005 Utility connections in port
  • ISO/IEC/IEEE 80005-1:2012 Part 1: High Voltage Shore Connection (HVSC) Systems – General requirements
  • IEC/IEEE 80005-2:2016 Part 2: High and low voltage shore connection systems – Data communication for monitoring and control
  • IEC/PAS 80005-3:2014 Part 3: Low Voltage Shore Connection (LVSC) Systems – General requirements
• ISO/IEC 80079 Explosive atmospheres
  • ISO/IEC 80079-20-2:2016 Part 20-2: Material characteristics – Combustible dusts test methods
  • ISO/IEC 80079-34:2011 Part 34: Application of quality systems for equipment manufacture
  • ISO 80079-36:2016 Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres – Basic method and requirements
  • ISO 80079-37:2016 Part 37: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres – Non-electrical type of protection constructional safety 'c', control of ignition sources 'b', liquid immersion 'k'
  • ISO/IEC 80079-38:2016 Part 38: Equipment and components in explosive atmospheres in underground mines
• ISO/IEC 80369 Small-bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications
  • ISO 80369-1:2010 Part 1: General requirements
  • ISO 80369-3:2016 Part 3: Connectors for enteral applications
  • IEC 80369-5:2016 Part 5: Connectors for limb cuff inflation applications
  • ISO 80369-6:2016 Part 6: Connectors for neuraxial applications
  • ISO 80369-7:2016 Part 7: Connectors for intravascular or hypodermic applications
  • ISO 80369-20:2015 Part 20: Common test methods
• ISO/IEC 80416 Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment
  • IEC 80416-1:2008 Part 1: Creation of graphical symbols for registration
  • ISO 80416-2:2001 Part 2: Form and use of arrows
  • IEC 80416-3:2002 Part 3: Guidelines for the application of graphical symbols
  • ISO 80416-4:2005 Part 4: Guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on screens and displays (icons)
• ISO/IEC 80601 Medical electrical equipment
  • ISO 80601-2-12:2011 Part 2-12: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of critical care ventilators
  • ISO 80601-2-13:2011 Part 2-13: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of an anaesthetic workstation
  • IEC 80601-2-30:2009 Part 2-30: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of automated non-invasive sphygmomanometers
  • ISO 80601-2-55:2011 Part 2-55: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of respiratory gas monitors
  • ISO 80601-2-56:2017 Part 2-56: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of clinical thermometers for body temperature measurement
  • IEC 80601-2-58:2014 Part 2-58: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of lens removal devices and vitrectomy devices for ophthalmic surgery
  • IEC 80601-2-59:2017 Part 2-59: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of screening thermographs for human febrile temperature screening
  • IEC 80601-2-60:2012 Part 2-60: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of dental equipment
  • ISO 80601-2-61:2017 Part 2-61: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of pulse oximeter equipment
  • ISO 80601-2-67:2014 Part 2-67: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of oxygen-conserving equipment
  • ISO 80601-2-69:2014 Part 2-69: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of oxygen concentrator equipment
  • ISO 80601-2-70:2015 Part 2-70: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment
  • IEC 80601-2-71:2015 Part 2-71: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) equipment
  • ISO 80601-2-72:2015 Part 2-72: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of home healthcare environment ventilators for ventilator-dependent patients
  • ISO 80601-2-74:2017 Part 2-74: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of respiratory humidifying equipment
• ISO 81060 Non-invasive sphygmomanometers
  • ISO 81060-1:2007 Part 1: Requirements and test methods for non-automated measurement type
  • ISO 81060-2:2013 Part 2: Clinical investigation of automated measurement type
• ISO/IEC 81346 Industrial systems, installations and equipment and industrial products – Structuring principles and reference designations
  • IEC 81346-1:2009 Part 1: Basic rules
  • IEC 81346-2:2009 Part 2: Classification of objects and codes for classes
  • ISO/TS 81346-3:2012 Part 3: Application rules for a reference designation system
  • ISO/TS 81346-10:2015 Part 10: Power plants
• ISO/IEC 81714 Design of graphical symbols for use in the technical documentation of products
  • ISO 81714-1:2010 Part 1: Basic rules
  • IEC 81714-2:2006 Part 2: Specification for graphical symbols in a computer sensible form, including graphical symbols for a reference library, and requirements for their interchange
  • IEC 81714-3:2004 Part 3: Classification of connect nodes, networks and their encoding

ISO 90000 – ISO 99999[edit]

• ISO/IEC/IEEE 90003:2018 Software engineering – Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2015 to computer software
• ISO/IEC TR 90005:2008 S – Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001 to system life cycle processes
• ISO/IEC TR 90006:2013 Information technology – Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2008 to IT service management and its integration with ISO/IEC 20000-1:2011

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^This list generally excludes draft versions.
2. ^ISO deliverables include 'specifications' (ISO/PAS, ISO/TS), 'reports' (ISO/TR), etc, which are not referred to by ISO as 'standards'.
3. ^The exact wording of this title varies between parts. This is the wording of the most recently published part.

References[edit]

1. ^'Standards catalogue'. ISO.
2. ^'Freely Available Standards'. ISO.

External links[edit]

Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) is a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances. It uses a symbolic language on engineering drawings and computer-generated three-dimensional solid models that explicitly describe nominal geometry and its allowable variation. It tells the manufacturing staff and machines what degree of accuracy and precision is needed on each controlled feature of the part. GD&T is used to define the nominal (theoretically perfect) geometry of parts and assemblies, to define the allowable variation in form and possible size of individual features, and to define the allowable variation between features.

• Dimensioning specifications define the nominal, as-modeled or as-intended geometry. One example is a basic dimension.
• Tolerancing specifications define the allowable variation for the form and possibly the size of individual features, and the allowable variation in orientation and location between features. Two examples are linear dimensions and feature control frames using a datum reference (both shown above).

There are several standards available worldwide that describe the symbols and define the rules used in GD&T. One such standard is American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Y14.5. This article is based on that standard, but other standards, such as those from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), may vary slightly. The Y14.5 standard has the advantage of providing a fairly complete set of standards for GD&T in one document. The ISO standards, in comparison, typically only address a single topic at a time. There are separate standards that provide the details for each of the major symbols and topics below (e.g. position, flatness, profile, etc.).

• 3Symbols
• 5Documents and standards

Origin GD&T[edit]

The origin of GD&T is credited to Stanley Parker, who developed the concept of 'true position'. While little is known about Parker's life, it is known that he worked at the Royal Torpedo Factory in Alexandria, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. His work increased production of naval weapons by new contractors.

In 1940, Parker published Notes on Design and Inspection of Mass Production Engineering Work, the earliest work on geometric dimensioning and tolerancing.^[1] In 1956, Parker published Drawings and Dimensions, which became the basic reference in the field.^[1]

Dimensioning and tolerancing philosophy[edit]

According to the ASME Y14.5-2009^[2] standard, the purpose of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) is to describe the engineering intent of parts and assemblies. The datum reference frame can describe how the part fits or functions. GD&T can more accurately define the dimensional requirements for a part, allowing over 50% more tolerance zone than coordinate (or linear) dimensioning in some cases. Proper application of GD&T will ensure that the part defined on the drawing has the desired form, fit (within limits) and function with the largest possible tolerances. GD&T can add quality and reduce cost at the same time through producibility.

There are some fundamental rules that need to be applied (these can be found on page 7 of the 2009 edition of the standard):

• All dimensions must have a tolerance. Every feature on every manufactured part is subject to variation, therefore, the limits of allowable variation must be specified. Plus and minus tolerances may be applied directly to dimensions or applied from a general tolerance block or general note. For basic dimensions, geometric tolerances are indirectly applied in a related Feature Control Frame. The only exceptions are for dimensions marked as minimum, maximum, stock or reference.
• Dimensions define the nominal geometry and allowable variation. Measurement and scaling of the drawing is not allowed except in certain cases.
• Engineering drawings define the requirements of finished (complete) parts. Every dimension and tolerance required to define the finished part shall be shown on the drawing. If additional dimensions would be helpful, but are not required, they may be marked as reference.
• Dimensions should be applied to features and arranged in such a way as to represent the function of the features. Additionally, dimensions should not be subject to more than one interpretation.
• Descriptions of manufacturing methods should be avoided. The geometry should be described without explicitly defining the method of manufacture.
• If certain sizes are required during manufacturing but are not required in the final geometry (due to shrinkage or other causes) they should be marked as non-mandatory.
• All dimension and tolerance should be arranged for maximum readability and should be applied to visible lines in true profiles.
• When geometry is normally controlled by gage sizes or by code (e.g. stock materials), the dimension(s) shall be included with the Gage or code number in parentheses following or below the dimension.
• Angles of 90° are assumed when lines (including center lines) are shown at right angles, but no angular dimension is explicitly shown. (This also applies to other orthogonal angles of 0°, 180°, 270°, etc.)
• Dimensions and tolerances are valid at 20 °C (68 °F) and 101.3 kPa (14.69 psi) unless stated otherwise.
• Unless explicitly stated, all dimensions and tolerances are only valid when the item is in a free state.
• Dimensions and tolerances apply to the length, width, and depth of a feature including form variation.
• Dimensions and tolerances only apply at the level of the drawing where they are specified. It is not mandatory that they apply at other drawing levels, unless the specifications are repeated on the higher level drawing(s).

(Note: The rules above are not the exact rules stated in the ASME Y14.5-2009 standard.)

Symbols[edit]

Tolerances: Type of tolerances used with symbols in feature control frames can be 1) equal bilateral 2) unequal bilateral 3) unilateral 4) no particular distribution (a 'floating' zone)

Tolerances for the profile symbols are equal bilateral unless otherwise specified, and for the position symbol tolerances are always equal bilateral. For example, the position of a hole has a tolerance of .020 inches. This means the hole can move +/- .010 inches, which is an equal bilateral tolerance. It does not mean the hole can move +.015/-.005 inches, which is an unequal bilateral tolerance. Unequal bilateral and unilateral tolerances for profile are specified by adding further information to clearly show this is what is required.

Notes:

1. When applied to a feature-of-size.
2. Can also be used as a form control without a datum reference.
3. When a datum feature-of-size is referenced with the MMC modifier.
4. When an MMC modifier is used.
5. Automatic per rule #3.
6. The symmetry symbol's characteristics were not included in the version of the chart that this chart is derived from. The symmetry symbol was dropped from the Y14.5M standard around 1982 and re-added around 1994.
7. In the 2018 revision both Concentricity and Symmetry were eliminated and are no longer supported.

Datums and datum references[edit]

A datum is a virtual ideal plane, line, point, or axis. A datum feature is a physical feature of a part identified by a datum feature symbol and corresponding datum feature triangle, e.g.,

${\displaystyle {\displaystyle ◻}\mathsf{A}--◂}$

These are then referred to by one or more 'datum references' which indicate measurements that should be made with respect to the corresponding datum feature .

Data exchange[edit]

Exchange of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) information between CAD systems is available on different levels of fidelity for different purposes:

• In the early days of CAD, exchange-only lines, texts and symbols were written into the exchange file. A receiving system could display them on the screen or print them out, but only a human could interpret them.
• GD&T presentation: On a next higher level the presentation information is enhanced by grouping them together into callouts for a particular purpose, e.g. a datum feature callout and a datum reference frame. And there is also the information which of the curves in the file are leader, projection or dimension curves and which are used to form the shape of a product.
• GD&T representation: Unlike GD&T presentation, the GD&T representation does not deal with how the information is presented to the user but only deals with which element of a shape of a product has which GD&T characteristic. A system supporting GD&T representation may display GD&T information in some tree and other dialogs and allow the user to directly select and highlight the corresponding feature on the shape of the product, 2D and 3D.
• Ideally both GD&T presentation and representation are available in the exchange file and are associated with each other. Then a receiving system can allow a user to select a GD&T callout and get the corresponding feature highlighted on the shape of the product.
• An enhancement of GD&T representation is defining a formal language for GD&T (similar to a programming language) which also has built-in rules and restrictions for the proper GD&T usage. This is still a research area (see below reference to McCaleb and ISO 10303-1666).
• GD&T validation: Based on GD&T representation data (but not on GD&T presentation) and the shape of a product in some useful format (e.g. a boundary representation), it is possible to validate the completeness and consistency of the GD&T information. The software tool FBTol from the Kansas City Plant is probably the first one in this area.
• GD&T representation information can also be used for the software assisted manufacturing planning and cost calculation of parts. See ISO 10303-224 and 238 below.

Documents and standards[edit]

ISO TC 10 Technical product documentation[edit]

• ISO 128Technical drawings – Indication of dimensions and tolerances
• ISO 7083 Symbols for geometrical tolerancing – Proportions and dimensions
• ISO 13715 Technical drawings – Edges of undefined shape – Vocabulary and indications
• ISO 15786 Simplified representation and dimensioning of holes
• ISO 16792:2015 Technical product documentation—Digital product definition data practices (Note: ISO 16792:2006 was derived from ASME Y14.41-2003 by permission of ASME)

ISO/TC 213 Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification[edit]

In ISO/TR 14638 GPS – Masterplan the distinction between fundamental, global, general and complementary GPS standards is made.

• Fundamental GPS standards
  • ISO 8015 Concepts, principles and rules
• Global GPS standards
  • ISO 14660-1 Geometrical features
  • ISO/TS 17, orientation and location
  • ISO 1101 Geometrical tolerancing – Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out
    • Amendment 1 Representation of specifications in the form of a 3D model
  • ISO 1119 Series of conical tapers and taper angles
  • ISO 2692 Geometrical tolerancing – Maximum material requirement (MMR), least material requirement (LMR) and reciprocity requirement (RPR)
  • ISO 3040 Dimensioning and tolerancing – Cones
  • ISO 5458 Geometrical tolerancing – Positional tolerancing
  • ISO 5459 Geometrical tolerancing – Datums and datum systems
  • ISO 10578 Tolerancing of orientation and location – Projected tolerance zone
  • ISO 10579 Dimensioning and tolerancing – Non-rigid parts
  • ISO 14406 Extraction
  • ISO 22432 Features used in specification and verification
• General GPS standards: Areal and profile surface texture
  • ISO 1302 Indication of surface texture in technical product documentation
  • ISO 3274 Surface texture: Profile method – Nominal characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments
  • ISO 4287 Surface texture: Profile method – Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters
  • ISO 4288 Surface texture: Profile method – Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture
  • ISO 8785 Surface imperfections – Terms, definitions and parameters
  • Form of a surface independent of a datum or datum system. Each of them has a part 1 for the Vocabulary and parameters and a part 2 for the Specification operators:
    • ISO 12180 Cylindricity
    • ISO 12181 Roundness
    • ISO 12780 Straightness
    • ISO 12781 Flatness
  • ISO 25178 Surface texture: Areal
• General GPS standards: Extraction and filtration techniques
  • ISO/TS 1661 Filtration
  • ISO 11562 Surface texture: Profile method – Metrological characteristics of phase correct filters
  • ISO 12085 Surface texture: Profile method – Motif parameters
  • ISO 13565 Profile method; Surfaces having stratified functional properties

ASME standards[edit]

• ASME Y14.41Digital Product Definition Data Practices
• ASME Y14.5Dimensioning and Tolerancing
• ASME Y14.5.1M Mathematical Definition of Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles

ASME is also working on a Spanish translation for the ASME Y14.5 – Dimensioning and Tolerancing Standard.

GD&T standards for data exchange and integration[edit]

• ISO 10303Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange
  • ISO 10303-47 Integrated generic resource: Shape variation tolerances
  • ISO/TS 10303-1130 Application module: Derived shape element
  • ISO/TS 10303-1050 Application module: Dimension tolerance
  • ISO/TS 10303-1051Application module: Geometric tolerance
  • ISO/TS 10303-1052 Application module: Default tolerance
  • ISO/TS 10303-1666 Application module: Extended geometric tolerance
  • ISO 10303-203 Application protocol: Configuration controlled 3D design of mechanical parts and assemblies
  • ISO 10303-210 Application protocol: Electronic assembly, interconnection, and packaging design
  • ISO 10303-214 Application protocol: Core data for automotive mechanical design processes
  • ISO 10303-224 Application protocol: Mechanical product definition for process planning using machining features

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abMacMillan, David M.; Krandall, Rollande (2014). 'Bibliography for Dimensioning and Tolerancing'. Circuitous Root. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
2. ^Dimensioning and Tolerancing, ASME y14.5-2009. NY: American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 2009. ISBN0-7918-3192-2.

Further reading[edit]

• McCale, Michael R. (1999). 'A Conceptual Data Model of Datum Systems'(PDF). Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 104 (4): 349–400. doi:10.6028/jres.104.024.
• Henzold, Georg (2006). Geometrical Dimensioning and Tolerancing for Design, Manufacturing and Inspection (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Elsevier. ISBN978-0750667388.
• Srinivasan, Vijay (2008). 'Standardizing the specification, verification, and exchange of product geometry: Research, status and trends'. Computer-Aided Design. 40 (7): 738–49. doi:10.1016/j.cad.2007.06.006.
• Drake, Jr., Paul J. (1999). Dimensioning and Tolerancing Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN978-0070181311.
• Neumann, Scott; Neumann, Al (2009). GeoTol Pro: A Practical Guide to Geometric Tolerancing per ASME Y14.5-2009. Dearborn, MI: Society of Manufacturing Engineers. ISBN978-0-87263-865-5.
• Bramble, Kelly L. (2009). Geometric Boundaries II, Practical Guide to Interpretation and Application ASME Y14.5-2009,. Engineers Edge.
• Wilson, Bruce A. (2005). Design Dimensioning and Tolerancing. US: Goodheart-Wilcox. p. 275. ISBN978-1-59070-328-1.

External links[edit]

Iso 2768 Mk E

• NIST MBE PMI Validation and Conformance Testing Project Tests implementations of GD&T in CAD software
• STEP File Analyzer and Viewer - Analyze GD&T in a STEP file

Iso 2768 Mk E Tolerance